Globally, the numbers of refugees, internally displaced persons and migrants have increased significantly over the past 10 years. According to the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), at the end of 2020, there were 26.4 million refugees and more than 48 million internally displaced persons worldwide. The International Organization of Migration estimates that, in 2019, there were 272 million international migrants globally, accounting for 3.5 per cent of the world’s population. Refugees, migrants and internally displaced persons face many educational challenges in the course of their movement within and between countries.